The majority of those concerned with social and historical studies tended to use the words “civilization” and “culture” within almost the same analytical frameworks, as if the two words meant the same thing, which made it difficult to understand the true meaning of each word, the difference between them, and the complementary dialectical relationship that binds them, as a result. It has become difficult to identify the characteristics of successive civilizations and the advantages of different cultures, and to identify the relative achievements of each stage of civilizational development, and the confusion between the concepts of culture and civilization makes it impossible to identify the main factors that contribute to the development of human societies and enable some of them to achieve progress and possess more reasons Wealth and power, while the majority of other societies still suffer from the scourges of poverty, ignorance, need and dependency.
Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary defines the concept of civilization as “an advanced state of society characterized by the advancement of culture, science, industry, and system of government,” and elsewhere it defines it as “modern conveniences and entertainment made possible by science and technology.” This means that civilization refers to It refers to the level of life that every people enjoys through what is available to them of production tools, sciences, goods, culture, and means of comfort and luxury that are mostly material. Culture through the establishment of the concerned human group for a long period of time in one place, and the interaction of its members with each other within the framework of one society (Webster’s, 353), which means that culture refers to the way of life that distinguishes each society from other societies, and maintains His unity and identity, which in turn are subject to customs, traditions and valuesThe prevailing beliefs in society, and since traditions, customs and beliefs are inherited from one generation to the next, they tend by their nature to be stable and weak in the ability to develop.
It is clear from the first definition of civilization that the concept refers to a societal state that is characterized by “the sophistication of culture, science, industry, and the system of government.” This means that culture, like industry, is only one component of civilization, and therefore is not a substitute or an analogue to it. The components of civilization, like industry, culture does not include industry or similar material and technological products. The ability to develop, but the availability of freedom in society makes it possible for all cultural elements to develop, especially ideas, attitudes, literature and the arts.
And since the concept of culture refers to the way of life followed in society, it, that is, culture, is considered the element that organizes the social bonds that bind members of society and its various groups to each other. Therefore, culture, with its traditions, norms, values, and beliefs, is considered the social glue that unites its members. One society, and gives them a general sense of the unity of history and destiny, which makes culture the most important social production for every people, and the moral bond that maintains its cohesion, and the framework that creates among its members a sense of homogeneity and integration, and this makes culture the most important force that participates in shaping the personalities of individuals and peoples, their ways of thinking and identities Collective, determining their attitudes towards oneself and other people.
The late Arab thinker Dr. Constantine Zureik says: “Culture is the sum of the creative achievements of the human spirit in society.” As for the sociologist Thomas Sowell, he says: “Culture includes attitudes, skills, language, and customs.” It is clear from these two definitions that Zureik and Sowell focus on the non-material aspects of society’s life in defining the components of culture, and since civilization includes culture, culture is just one of the elements. Civilization, it has become wrong to use either concept to denote the components of the other. Without understanding the components of each concept separately, and realizing the differences between them and the nature of the organic relationship that binds them to the other, it will be difficult to understand societal crises and analyze their causes, to determine the directions of the civilizational march through the ages, and to know the reasons for the mutual misunderstanding that occurs between different nations and peoples.
On the other hand, since culture constitutes one element of civilization, every development experienced by civilization in the mode of production, production technology, or science affects culture more or less, which obliges culture to develop in the manner and extent required to respond to the entitlements of civilized development. In order to benefit from it, especially with regard to the mode of production and production technology, and since the capabilities of cultures to develop differ from one culture to another, from one place to another, and from time to time, every civilization produces more than one culture throughout its historical path to which it belongs, which deprives every culture From belonging to more than one civilization, the civilizations concerned are the civilization of pastoral nomadism, the civilization of agricultural agriculture, the civilization of mechanical industry, and the civilization of dynamic knowledge that develops on an almost daily basis.
As for the disparity in the abilities of cultures to develop, it is subject to the ability of the cultural elements themselves to transform and change. Therefore, we notice that cultures whose essence is religious beliefs, such as Arab culture, are generally characterized by a weak ability to develop and transform, while cultures whose essence is behaviors are characterized as Eastern cultures in general, and are characterized by their ability to develop and transform. Arabic is to accept submissiveness, backwardness and dependence, lives its day contentedly, and sleeps its nights calmly, but the tyranny of globalization in its economic and cultural parts over the world has made it impossible for a culture to preserve its historical heritage, which has made all the traditional cultural elements of customs, traditions, values and beliefs distorted, and become null and void. An asset to sing of, and without a future to look forward to.
The majority of those concerned with social and historical studies tended to use the words “civilization” and “culture” within almost the same analytical frameworks, as if the two words meant the same thing, which made it difficult to understand the true meaning of each word, the difference between them, and the complementary dialectical relationship that binds them, as a result. It has become difficult to identify the characteristics of successive civilizations and the advantages of different cultures, and to identify the relative achievements of each stage of civilizational development, and the confusion between the concepts of culture and civilization makes it impossible to identify the main factors that contribute to the development of human societies and enable some of them to achieve progress and possess more reasons Wealth and power, while the majority of other societies still suffer from the scourges of poverty, ignorance, need and dependency.
Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary defines the concept of civilization as “an advanced state of society characterized by the advancement of culture, science, industry, and system of government,” and elsewhere it defines it as “modern conveniences and entertainment made possible by science and technology.” This means that civilization refers to It refers to the level of life that every people enjoys through what is available to them of production tools, sciences, goods, culture, and means of comfort and luxury that are mostly material. Culture through the establishment of the concerned human group for a long period of time in one place, and the interaction of its members with each other within the framework of one society (Webster’s, 353), which means that culture refers to the way of life that distinguishes each society from other societies, and maintains His unity and identity, which in turn are subject to customs, traditions and valuesThe prevailing beliefs in society, and since traditions, customs and beliefs are inherited from one generation to the next, they tend by their nature to be stable and weak in the ability to develop.
It is clear from the first definition of civilization that the concept refers to a societal state that is characterized by “the sophistication of culture, science, industry, and the system of government.” This means that culture, like industry, is only one component of civilization, and therefore is not a substitute or an analogue to it. The components of civilization, like industry, culture does not include industry or similar material and technological products. The ability to develop, but the availability of freedom in society makes it possible for all cultural elements to develop, especially ideas, attitudes, literature and the arts.
And since the concept of culture refers to the way of life followed in society, it, that is, culture, is considered the element that organizes the social bonds that bind members of society and its various groups to each other. Therefore, culture, with its traditions, norms, values, and beliefs, is considered the social glue that unites its members. One society, and gives them a general sense of the unity of history and destiny, which makes culture the most important social production for every people, and the moral bond that maintains its cohesion, and the framework that creates among its members a sense of homogeneity and integration, and this makes culture the most important force that participates in shaping the personalities of individuals and peoples, their ways of thinking and identities Collective, determining their attitudes towards oneself and other people.
The late Arab thinker Dr. Constantine Zureik says: “Culture is the sum of the creative achievements of the human spirit in society.” As for the sociologist Thomas Sowell, he says: “Culture includes attitudes, skills, language, and customs.” It is clear from these two definitions that Zureik and Sowell focus on the non-material aspects of society’s life in defining the components of culture, and since civilization includes culture, culture is just one of the elements. Civilization, it has become wrong to use either concept to denote the components of the other. Without understanding the components of each concept separately, and realizing the differences between them and the nature of the organic relationship that binds them to the other, it will be difficult to understand societal crises and analyze their causes, to determine the directions of the civilizational march through the ages, and to know the reasons for the mutual misunderstanding that occurs between different nations and peoples.
On the other hand, since culture constitutes one element of civilization, every development experienced by civilization in the mode of production, production technology, or science affects culture more or less, which obliges culture to develop in the manner and extent required to respond to the entitlements of civilized development. In order to benefit from it, especially with regard to the mode of production and production technology, and since the capabilities of cultures to develop differ from one culture to another, from one place to another, and from time to time, every civilization produces more than one culture throughout its historical path to which it belongs, which deprives every culture From belonging to more than one civilization, the civilizations concerned are the civilization of pastoral nomadism, the civilization of agricultural agriculture, the civilization of mechanical industry, and the civilization of dynamic knowledge that develops on an almost daily basis.
As for the disparity in the abilities of cultures to develop, it is subject to the ability of the cultural elements themselves to transform and change. Therefore, we notice that cultures whose essence is religious beliefs, such as Arab culture, are generally characterized by a weak ability to develop and transform, while cultures whose essence is behaviors are characterized as Eastern cultures in general, and are characterized by their ability to develop and transform. Arabic is to accept submissiveness, backwardness and dependence, lives its day contentedly, and sleeps its nights calmly, but the tyranny of globalization in its economic and cultural parts over the world has made it impossible for a culture to preserve its historical heritage, which has made all the traditional cultural elements of customs, traditions, values and beliefs distorted, and become null and void. An asset to sing of, and without a future to look forward to.
